Combination lock



June 22, 1943. s. M. ARCHER COMBINATION LOCK Filed Jan. 30, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 54 lNvENToR v -BY g 5 1 `Avrommarf June 22, 1943. s, M'..ARcHER COMBINATION LOCK s sheets-smet 2 Filed Jan. 30, 1941 lNvEN-roR ATTORNEY COMBINATION LOCK ATTORNEY Patented June 22, 1943 COMBINATION LOCK Sylvanus M. Archer, Stamford, Conn., assignor t The Yale & TowneManufacturing Company, Stamford, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application January 30, 1941, Serial No. 376,574

(Cl. I0-1.5)

22 Claims.

This invention relates to combination locks, and more especially to a combination lock of `the type adapted for use on a safe, for controlling the retraction of the locking bolts of the safe.

As a feature of my invention, I utilize, preferably, manual means for retracting 'the locking bolts of the safe, while simultaneously projecting the fence of the combination lock into the aligned gatings of the combination lock tumblers. As a further feature of this construction, the means whereby manual pressure maybe applied by said manual means for moving the fence into the tumbler gatings, are arranged so that but a small part of the total manual vpressure is `actually effective. Preferably, I utilize a cam arrangement between the manual means and the fence, with the cam so designed that the application of force against the fence is very slight. In this way, it is impossible for considerable force to be applied by the manual means to the fence and against the tumblers of the combination lock, all as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

A further important feature of the invention resides in means for deadlocking, or relocking, the entire combination mechanism, should force be applied thereagainst. More in detail, this feature of the invention comprises limit means for preferably limiting the throw of the fence, means being provided for locking the fence permanently against release movement when the said limit means are disabled. Naturally the limit means are designed to be disabled readily upon attack, so that the fence will be locked.

lEven more inv detail, the limit means for maintaining the fence against projection from the tumblers beyond its normal limit, comprises means of connection between the fence and the manual bolt; retracting mechanism so that should this manual bolt retracting mechanism be destroyed, a relooking will occur to prevent the opening of the safe mechanism. Still more in detail, this relooking occurs through the movement of the fence into coaction with the bolt retracting mechanism, and if desired, into locking coaction with one of the safe bolts.

I have thus described generally the more important features of my invention, but it will be understood that there are other important features which will be described in the detailed description of my invention which follows, and which will be claimed. Naturally, my invention may be embodied in mechanism specifically different from that which I shall herein describe and show, so that I should not be limited to that specific mechanism.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, Fig. l is afront view of a safe to which my lock has been applied. Fig; 2 is a view of the base plate of my lock applied to the back of the door of the safe in Fig. 1, and showing the bolt it is attempted to operate the bolt retracting` mechanism before `the tumblers `-are properly set. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 'showing the operation of the bolt retracting mechanism after the combination has been set.v Fig. 5 isl a sectional view taken substantiallyhalong lines 5--5 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a view takensubstantially along lines 6-6 of Fig. 2, but showing the safe door and the method of applying the lock thereto. Fig. 7 is a perspective View of the vfence and the pivoting lever for moving the fence into the tumbler gatings. Fig. 8 is a view similar to Figs. 2,` 3 and 4 showing the fence deadlocked against movement towards the tumbler gatings.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and especially Fig. 1, reference numeral Ill indicates a safe having a front door I I hinged to the safe body as at I2 and locked by bolts I3 and I4 against movement to open position. rIhe bolts I3 and I4 are shown joined for retraction together through what I shall term a central bolt l5. The combination lock in Fig. 1 is shown as comprising an escutcheon I6, a rotatable dial IY'I, and a bolt operating handle I8.

Referring now more especiallyto Fig. 6, the

escutcheon I6 is shown as secured to the safe door II through screws I9, and supported by the escutcheon in rbearing relation thereto is a sleeve 2U. The sleeve 20 is threaded 'as at 2l so that the'dial I'I, which is internally threaded, may be screwed on to the sleeve into a particular adjusted position, in which position it may then be keyed as through the key 22. Thereafter, it is obvious that the dial I'I land the sleeve 2|] will rotate together, the sleeve 20 being utilized for setting the combination lock tumblers, all `as will be indicated hereinafter.

Maintained within the sleeve 20 and for rotation independently of the sleeve' 20, is a shaft 23 which is threaded as vat 24 for the mounting of the handle sleeve 25 which carries the handle I8, as is vclearly shown in Fig. 6. The shaft 2 `3 is sometimes termed an voperating spindle, and is rotatable by the handle I8 relatively to the sleeve 2l) for retracting the bolts I3 and I4 ofthe safe through the central bolt I5, all as will be indi*- cated hereinafter. l y The combination lock 'comprises a base plate 26 through the base plate 25 and into the lock, is Y threaded for the mounting thereon of the internally threaded disk 33, whereby to adjust the Awith the threaded opening in the stud 54.

self mounted. The studs 43 and 51 are slotted as at 43S and 51S, respectively, so that the curb 50 may then be rotated to bring the solid portion of its periphery into the said slots 43S and 51S, for retaining the curb against axial movement relatively to those studs and relatively to the curb supporting stud 45. A pin 53 extending from the curb 50, and best shown in Fig. 4, strikes the stud 54 when the curb is properly located relatively to the studs 43 and 51, and with the opening in the curb through which the screw 53 passes aligned With the parts as described, the tumblers are new in sleeve relatively to the lock casing while sed curing the sleeve against axial movement away from the lock. Keyed to the sleeve and slidable thereon between the disk 33 and a knock# I out disk 34 forming part of the Aback plate 26, is a gear 35 provided with a series of holes 36 into any of which may extend the stud end of a screw 31 which is mounted in the disk 33. In this way, the disk 33 is, in effect, keyed to the sleeve 29, after being properly adjusted thereon. The knock-out disk 34, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, is adapted to give way readily upon attack of the lockv from the outsideand thus prevents the application of the full force of the attack against the base plate 23. It is not per se part of my invention herein set forth.

The end of the shaft 23 is turnedv down somewhat at 38, and on the portion 38 there is keyed the arm 39. A nut 40 is mounted on the threads of the turned down end 38 of the shaft 23, and maintains the arm 39 against movement off the shaft, all as Will be quite apparent. Preferably, a Cotter pin 4I is used to maintain the nut 40 against release rotation.

The gear 35 cooperates with an intermediate gear 42 which is loosely mounted on a stud 43 ex.

tending from Jthe, plate 26, and this gear 42 is in further engagement with a gear 44 loosely mounted on a stud 45 extending from the base plate 26, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 5. The gear I44 is made integral with a tumbler operating disk 4S, also mounted about the stud 45. It will now be appreciated that rotation of the dial l1 will rotate the sleeve 23, which in turn will rotate the disk 33 and gear 35, and through gears 42 and 44 will rotate the tumbler operating disk 45. The tumbler operating disk 45 is somewhat larger in diameter than the remaining tumblers, and has a gating 41 which is adapted to be aligned with the gatings 43 of the three additional tumblers designated by reference numeral 49. The three additional tumblers 49 are mounted for rotation on the curb 50, this curb 50 being mounted about the stud 45 and in covering relation to the screw `5I threaded into the stud 45, and utilized to hold in position on the stud the gear 44 and its tumbler operating disk 46. The mounting of the several tumblers 49 on the curb 53, and their operation by the tumbler operating disk `45 and its upstanding lug portion 52, is well understood by those skilled in the art Vand is not per se part of this invention.

The curb 50, which supports the several tumblers, is maintained in position relatively to the base plate 26 by a screw 53 extending through a suitable bore in the curb 50 and into an internally threaded stud 54, which extends upwardly from the base plate 26. The curb 55, as will be noted, is scalloped as at and 56 so that it may escape the stud 43 and a further stud 51, which extends upwardly from the base plate 26, when the curb` is first slipped over the stud 45 on which it isitposition to be operated by the dial I1. It may Vbe wellto point out that the mounting of my curb 50 I consider novel in this art.

The fence of my combination lock is designated generally by the reference numeral 69, and is shown in perspective in Fig. 1. The upper end of the fence, designated by reference numeral 6|, is adaptedto enter the several' gatings of the tumblers when they are aligned, as is shown in Fig. 4, through manipulation by the lever 62, which is bifurcated as at 63 for cooperation with the pin 64 extending fromrthe fence 56, all as is best shown in Fig. '7.Y

The fence is cut away at its opposite sides at G5 and 66 to cooperate with a bearing way formed in a bearing block 61, which is secured to the plate 25, it being obvious that the bearing block will thus guide the fence 56 for vertical sliding movement relatively to the locking structure and the base plate 26. Y

Upstanding from the base plate 26 are a pair of pins 68, and abutting these pins 68 are headed rods 59 which extend into vertical bores 70 formed in the sides of the fence 50. Springs 1l fit about the pin 64V of the fence. It will be quite obvious that should an attempt be made to destroy the lock as through the driving in of the shaft 23, and should the lever 62 be driven away, there will be nothing to prevent the full downward projection of the fence 60 by the springs 1l. Should this occur, a relooking pin 12 mounted in a bore 13 of the bearing block 61 will be forced by its spring 14 to enter a relooking bore 15 in the fence. Thereafter, it Will be impossible for the fence to move upwardly towards the tumbler gatings.

This deadlocking of the fence is best mus# trated in Fig. 8, wherein the end portion 12av of the relooking pin 12 is Shown Within the bore 15 of the fence, and obviously locks that fence against any movement whatsoever. In this deadlocked or relocked position of the fence 6E), it will be noted that the'lower end of the fence rests Within a slot 16 formed in what I call the bolt retractor 11, and in a further slot 18 formed in the central bolt l5. Obviously, both the bolt retractor 11 and the central bolt I5 will now be locked against any movement, and it will be impossible to get into the safe except through destroying the door Il.

In an actual test performed by the Insurance Underwriters Laboratory, dynamite was inserted in a lock such as here described while mounted on a door, after the shaft 23 had been forced inwardly, destroying the mechanism and forcing away the lever 82. This dynamiteY completely destroyed most of thepartsfof' theilock. but the l deadlocking `of the fence-60' eiectively prevented the operation of the safe bolt mechanism.

Thelever-GZ,` is adapted' not only to limit the movement4 of the fence 50 through cooperation For such action, the lever 62--is bored as at 19 for mounting onV a studn projecting from the base plate 26; A disk` 8'I- secured as byv aV screw 82 to the stud 80, maintains-,thelever 62.in proper pivotal relation to the lock. Thelever 82 isV formed with A a cam-slot :having a `usual cam portion 83 and-what is termeda dwell 84;

A pin 85 extendsA fromthe arm 39'intocoaction with the dwell 84 and the-cam `portion 83, so-that rotation ofV the operating shaft 23 by the handle I8 of the safe will pivot-thelever 62 to movethe fence- 68 towards the gatings. purpose of the dwell 84 is to prevent: the application of` considerable force by the fence 68 against the tumblers when-the tumbler gatings arenot aligned. Thus, when manual pressure is applied to thehandle I8, and therefore the arm 39,' the dwell prevents the application of` more than aslight portion ofthe force appliedto the arm 39 against the lever 62 in a direction urging.A the fence against the tumblers. Because of thisrelationship of the parts, it is impossible-to exert considerable force against the tumblers when they are in locking-position. At" this point; it may be well to indicate that in the preferred form of my invention, the tumbler operatingdisk 46V being larger in diameter than the tumblers 49, it accepts any force which-may be applied against the tumblers-through@ fence 60. Naturally, when thetumblersare all aligned, even the-y very slight moment ofl the-force' which may be applied .from the arm 39through its pin 85.to thelever. 62,` is sufficient' to move the fence into thev gatings, after which the pin 85 operating against the cam portion` 83 readily transmitslfull movement to the fence 60 andfully projects the same into the gatings, as is best illustrated inFig. 4

In addition to the pin 85 extending from-the arm139, there is av furtherpin 88, this pinotting into a s101781 formed in the bolt retractor 'I'l'so that` as the arm` 39. moves the fence into the gatings, it simultaneouslymoves` the retractor 11 inl a `boltretracting direction. The lretractor TI is itself slottedv further asat88 and89 for slidable mounting'on studs 9|l'and 9| extending upwardly `from the base plate 26. While the-:bolt

While` the description ofmy inventionv soA farv given seems to be rathercomplete,l it is thought( best to present aidescription of the operation of my 1ock.;in.order'that-any points'not `so far clarilied;` will now be1-fullyunderstood.`

The 'tumblers ofthe lock, it will be remembered,A

area mounted on the curb SII-which is` secured over the stud 45 so that the tumblerl operating diskI 46e may actuate the; tumblers" 491- toA align theirY gatingsasthef-said-tumbler operating' disk is" rotatedthrough itsfgearv44- andv gears- 42f'an'dA Thethe tumblers alllset in position', a' rotation of the handle:` I8' Will rotate the shaft 23' and? therefore the arm 39. The pin ofi the arm 39 Will'rst cooperate withthe dwell 84lof'the lever- 62, and

. thenwith the-cam portion 83 of the lever 62 for moving the -said'lever on thestudlli This movement of the lever 82 moves the fence into the tumbler'gatings.' At thefsame time, a pin 88 extending 'from the arm 39 cooperates with the bolt retractor 'I1 for moving the-retractor and the centralbolt I5 into release position.

Should the tumblers: not be properly set with their gatingsall' aligned, as in the position of Fig.` 3, the coaction of the dwell 84 with the pin 85 ofthe arm 39 will be such that but a slight portion or moment' of the force transmitted through the arm 39 will be applied to the lever 62in a manner tending to rotate that lever to bringfthe fence-against the tumblers; Moreovezy should thelo'ckbetampered with as through the driving in` of the'shaft 23, the l'ever'62 will probably be carried away from cooperation with-the pin 6'4Aofthefence 60; This-will allow downward projection of the: fence 68 bythe springs 'II so as to force the lower-end of fthe fence into the slots 'IIi-`` and I8fof the bolt retractor 'II and the central bolt I5, respectively, thereby effectively locking those two parts against-any.` possible release; lock the fence against release movement thereafter.l

It Will'belnoted; ofcourse, as is Well `illustrated in-Fig. 2', that the fencel 60, while normally 'lockingthe `arm 3'9`against movement and thereby `preventingltransmission of movement from this arm` tothe-bolt retractor TI, also locks the retractor against substantial' movement through the cooperation of 'its-downwardly extending portion :withthe slot 'I6lin the bolt retracting slide 11. I now claim: Y l. In a lock of the class described, a seriesof tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter saidY gatings, a manually operated handle for movingl said fence into said gatings, a' cam connection between' said handleand fence, and through which said handle moves said fence into said'gatings, said cam connection being formed' so thatfbutaslight portion of'the manual force appliedfto fsaidliandleis in turn-applied toward the movingy ofv said' fence into said' gatings,

2. In a lock of the class described, a series of` tumblers having'gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually operated handle for moving-said fenceinto saidgatings, a compound cam connection-between said'handle and fence, and `through wh'ichsaidV handle moves said fence into said gatings, saidcompound'cam connection being formed' so thatA but a slight portion of the manual force applied'to said handle'is applied to said fence'atthe beginning oivr the handleand compound cam surface, andA through which;

saidhandle moves said; fence into saidgatings; saidpin rstfcooperating' with' one portion of said compound cam surface formedso that but a slight portionA ofthe manual force applied to 'said handle; is applied'A to` said fence at the" beginning,V of the-liarld'l'ez-mtwen'renty toward thefmovin'g of The deadlcking pin 122 will, `of course,

saidl fence into said gatings, said pin cooperating thereafter with another portion of said compound cam surface formed so that a greater portion of the manual force is applied to said fence.

4. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually operated handle for moving said fence into said gatings, a pivoted lever extending between said handle and said fence and through which said handle moves said fence into said gatings, a pin and cam connection between said lever and handle through which said handle moves said lever and therefore said fence', said cam having a compound surface with one portion of saidsurface formed so that but a slight portion of the manual force applied to said. handle isr applied to said fence at the beginning of. the handle movement toward the moving of said fence into said gatings, said -pin cooperating thereafter with another portion of said compound cam surface formed so that a greater portion of the manual force is applied to said fence.

5. In a lock of the class described, aplseries of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually operated handle for moving said fence into said gatings, a compound cam connection between said handle and fence, and through which said handle moves said fence into said gatings, said compound cam connection being formed so that but a slight portion of the manual force applied to said handle vis applied to said fence at the beginning of the handle movement toward the moving of said fence into said gatings, While a greater portion of the manual force is thereafter applied to said fence, a bolt, and means of connection between said handle and said bolt whereby substantially all said manual force is applied to retract said lbolt as the handle moves said fence'toward said gatings.

6. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to ent-erl said gatings, a manually operated handle for moving said fence into said gatings, a connection between said handle and fence comprising a pin and compound cam surface, and through which said handle moves said fence into said gatings, said pin first cooperating with one portion of said compound cam surface formed so that but a slight portion of the manual force applied to said handle is applied to said fence at the beginning of the handle movement toward the moving of said fence into said gatings, said pin cooperating thereafter with another portion of said compound cam surface formed so thata greaterportion of the manual force is applied to said fencea bolt, and means of connection between said handle and said bolt whereby substantially all said manual force is applied to retract said bolt as the handle moves said fence toward said gatings.

7. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually operated handle for moving said fence into said gatings, a pivoted lever extending 'between said handle and said fence and through which said handle moves said fence into said gatings, a pin and cam connection between said lever and handle through which said handle moves said lever and therefore said fence, said cam havinga compound surface with one portion of said usrface formed so that but a slight portion ofthe manual force applied to said handle is applied to said fence at the-beginning of the handle movement toward the moving of said fence into said gatings, said pin cooperating thereafter with another portion of said compound cam surface formed so that, a greater portion of the -manual force is applied to said fence, a bolt,` and means of connection between said handle and said bolt whereby substantially all said manual force is applied to retract said bolt as thehandle moves said fence toward said gatings.

8.'In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, means mounting said fence for movement normally away from said gatings, limit means limiting the movement of said fence away from said gatings to a predetermined position, and means fordeadlocking said fence against move'- ment back toward said predetermined position once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position as when said limit means is -destroyed by an attack on the lock. l

9. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a spring normally pressing said fence away from said gatings, limit means limiting the movement of said fence away from said gatings to a predetermined position, and means for deadlocking said fence against movement back toward said predetermined position once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position aslwhen said limit means is destroyed .by an attack on the lock.

10. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a spring normally pressing said fence away from said gatings, limit means limiting the movement of said fence away from said gatings to a predetermined position, means for deadlocking said fence against movement back toward said predetermined position once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position as when said limit means is destroyed by an attack onthe lock, a bolt element, and means whereby said bolt element is deadlocked against movement when said `fence is moved by said spring beyond said predetermined' position.

11. InI a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said 'gatings, a manually movable member, means of connection whereby said member moves said fence into said tumbler gatings, means mounting said fence for movement normally away from said tumbler gatings, the connection of said fence with said member limiting the movement of said fence to a predetermined position, means for deadlocking said fence against movement towards said tumblers once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position as when said means of connection are destroyed by an attack on the lock, a bolt element, and means whereby said bolt element is -deadlocked by said fence gainst movement when said fence moves beyond said predetermined position.

12. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter means of connectionaren destroyed by an attack.

on the lock.

113.` In :a lock of the class describeda .series of :tumblers having: gatings, llafenceffadaptedto enter said gatings, afmanually movablemember, a lever pivoted in said lock and havingportons `infengagement with said member fand `said ifen'ce :whereby it'is rotatableon its pivot by 'saidmem- 'ber ato move said fence into said tumbler gatings,

means mounting said fence for movement norma'llyaway rfrom said tumblerrgatings,'the con `nection of said fence withsaid lever limiting the Vmovement of said fence to ra predetermined posiltion, and means 'for deadlocking t said fence `against movement towards said tumblers once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position aswhenrsaid-lever lisremoved by an attackA on the lock.

14. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually movable member, a lever pivoted in said lock and having portions in enf gagement with said member and said fence whereby it is rotatable on its pivot by said member to move said fence into said tumbler gatings, means mounting said fence for movement normally away from said tumbler gatings, the connection of said fence with said lever limiting the movement of said fence to a predetermined position, means for deadlccking said fence against movement towards said tumblers once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position as when said lever is removed by an attack on the lock, a bolt element, and means whereby said bolt element is deadlocked against movement by said fence when said fence moves beyond said predetermined position.

15. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually movable member, a lever pivoted in said lock and having portions in engagement with said member and said fence whereby it is rotatable on its pivot by said member to move said fence into said tumbler gatings, means mounting said fence for movement normally away from said tumbler gatings, the connection of said fence with said lever limiting the movement of said fence to a predetermined position, means for deadlocking said fence against movement towards said tumblers once said fence moves beyond said predetermined position as when said lever is removed by an attack on the lock, a bolt element retractible by movement of said member incidental to the movement'of said fence into said gatings. and means whereby said bolt element is deadlocked against movement by said fence when said fence moves beyond said predetermined position.

16. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually movable member, a lever pivoted in said lock and having portions in engagement with said member and said fence whereby it is rotatable on its pivot by said member to move said fence into said tumbler gatings,

a spring normally pressing said fence away from said tumbler gatings, the connection of said fence with said lever limiting the movement imparted to said fence by said spring to a predetermined position, and means for deadlocking said fence against movement towards said tumblers once said fence is moved by said spring beyond said predetermined position as when said lever is removed by an attack on the lock.

17. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually movable member, a lever Cil pivoted in said lock and having portions .in engagement with said member and Asaid fence whereby it is irotatable'on its pivotby said member to move said'fence into saidtumbler gatings, a springnormally pressingsaid fence away from i saidrtumbler gatings, the `connection of said fence withtzsaidlever limiting the` movement imparted s to said fence by saidlspringto `a predetermined ;position, meansfor deadlocking said fence against movement: towards 'said tumblersoncef said fence .is L moved yby said spring beyond l said predeter- 4minediposition as .whensaid leveris removed by `an attack onfthe lock, a bolt element retractible by movement of said member incidental to the movement/of `said fence into said lgatings, and

means whereby said bolt element is deadlocked against movement by said fence when said fence is moved by said spring beyond said predetermined position.

18. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a handle rotatable from the outside of the lock, a member in said lock forming in effect a part of said handle, a lever pivoted in said lock and extending between said fence and said member, a cam connection between said member and said lever whereby rotation of said member by said handle actuates said lever to move said fence into said gatings, a bolt, and a direct connection between said member and bolt whereby said member retracts said bolt as it is rotated by said handle to move said fence into said gatings.

19. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a manually rotatable member, a lever pivoted in said lock at a point between its ends, a pin and slot connection between one end of said lever and said fence, a cam connection between the other end of said lever and said member, whereby rotation of said member rotates said lever and moves said fence into said gatings, a spring pressing said fence away from said gatings, the pin and slot connection between said lever and member limiting the movement of said lever and therefore of said fence, away from said gatings.

20. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to ene ter said gatings, a rotatablemember, a lever pivoted in said lock at a point between its ends, a pin and slot connection between one end of said lever and said fence and a cam connection between the other end of said lever and said member, whereby rotation of said member rotates said lever and moves said fence into said gatings, a bolt retractor, and a pin and slot connection between said bolt retractor and said member whereby said member moves said bolt retractor as it moves said fence into said gatings.

21. In a lock of the class described, a series of tumblers having gatings, a fence adapted to enter said gatings, a handle rotatable on the outside of the lock and extending as a shaft into the lock, a tumbler operating dial mounted for rotation on said shaft and extending in the form of a sleeve into said lock, gear means whereby said dial sets said tumblers, a lever pivoted in said lock at a point between its ends, a connection between one end of said lever and said fence, and a connection between the other end of said lever and said member, whereby rotation of said handle rotates said lever and moves said fence into said gatings, a spring pressing said fence away from said gatings, the connection between said lever and ymember limiting the movement of said lever, and therefore of said fence away from said gatings to a predetermined position, means for deadlocking said fence against movement towards said tumblers once said fence is moved by said spring beyond said predetermined V position as when said lever is removed by an attack on the lock, a bolt element retracti'ble by said handle and said member incidental to the movement of said fence into said gating-s, and 10 means whereby said bolt element is deadllocked against movement by said fence when said fence is moved by said spring beyond said predetermined position.

22. In a lock of the class described, a series of 15 Vall said manual force is applied to retract said bolt as the handle moves said fence toward said gatings.

SYLVANUS M. ARCHER. 

